Difference Between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning

Artificial Intelligence is, locally, a computer algorithm tasked with solving input problems based on accessible data and operational parameters, with respect to the amount of computational power available to the algorithm. More generally, AI is the name given to machine intelligence.
With the vast field of AI are specific concepts like machine learning and deep learning.
In the same way as Russian Matryoshka dolls where the small doll is nested inside the bigger one, each of the three segments (Deep Learning, ML and AI) is a subset of the other. Advances in these three technologies are already revolutionizing many aspects of modern life, and although very much related, they are not the same.
In this post, we'll begin with the biggest doll "AI" and work our way down to the smallest.

Know the Difference Between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning:

1. Artificial IntelligenceAs a branch of computer science, AI is an area of research aiming to reproduce the various cognitive capacities of human sentience, especially the ability to solve complex problems, in machines. Admittedly, that's one broad definition of AI, which is a broad and fertile domain itself, open to other scientific and technological disciplines.
AI may refer to NPCs (non-player characters) in video games, image recognition systems, voice and speech recognition platforms, autonomous vehicles, predictive algorithms and other specialized computer programs.
All these forms of AI have one thing in common: they are based on pre-defined input, in other words, programmed beforehand to carry out a specific task. That leads us to the next level, machines that learn by themselves.

2. Machine LearningA subset of AI, Machine Learning focuses on learning abilities, or how to make machines learn on their own. Without the need to hand-code instructions, ML systems get access to large datasets, apply their knowledge, train and learn from mistakes to complete a specific task.
For example, IBM's Deep Blueâ??which beat chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997â??is not strictly a Machine Learning system because it wasn't able to cross-reference past moves and matches.
However, the Google AlphaGo that beat world champion Lee Sedol at the game of Go is a machine learning platform that recalled hundreds of previous plays to inform its tactics.
ML systems sift through data, learn patterns and predict outcomes, that why Machine Learning tools are at the top of interests for data-driven businesses.

3. Deep LearningAs a subfield of Machine Learning, and a sub-subset of AI, Deep Learning is automatic learning technology based on deep neural networks. When you know the difference between AI and terms that further define it, you are practicing the very concept applied to these systems.
A DL algorithm is made of layers of artificial nodes or "neurons", forming sort of a virtual computer where each layer performs simple calculations that serve as input to the following layer. That translates to huge gains in time and efficiency of the whole system. Like with machine learning, these systems are also free of catastrophic forgetting, in that they are able to recall data from past computations and apply them to present solutions.
Expensive and requiring huge storage and processing resources to train, DL systems are being developed by major companies, such as Amazon, Facebook, Google, IBM, and Microsoft, and will almost certainly be given the power to make influential decisions in the near future.